The CRAIM has just published a new version (2ed.) of its Technical Popularization Pamphlet # 7 on “Explosion”. This version contains new information on Heat induced tears (HIT).
A heat induced tear (HIT) is a rupture of a NON-PRESSURE tank containing flammable liquids when exposed to the intense heat of a fire. The metal will soften and the pressure in the tank will increase which can lead to containment failure. The tear generally occurs at the vapor space (upper side) of the container, venting large quantities of flammable liquid and vapors at high speed. A fireball and an intense heat wave will occur.